MathGeometry & TrigonometryMedium frequency

SAT Math: Circles Tangent to the X or Y Axes

18+ practice questions in Praczo

What you need to know

The concept, explained

  • 1

    A circle is tangent to a line if it touches the line at exactly one point.

  • 2

    If a circle is tangent to the x-axis, its radius "r" is exactly equal to the absolute value of the y-coordinate of its center |k|.

  • 3

    If a circle is tangent to the y-axis, its radius "r" is equal to the absolute value of the x-coordinate of its center |h|.

  • 4

    If tangent to both axes, the center must be at (r, r), (-r, r), (-r, -r), or (r, -r).

  • 5

    Use this relationship to determine the radius when given the center, or vice versa.

Common mistakes
  • Swapping the relationships: using the x-coordinate for x-axis tangency instead of the y-coordinate.
  • Forgetting to take the absolute value when the center has negative coordinates.
Try a sample question

SAT-style practice

A circle in the xy-plane has its center at (5, -7) and is tangent to the y-axis. What is the radius of the circle?

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