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SAT Math: Completing the Square

28+ practice questions in Praczo

What you need to know

The concept, explained

  • 1

    Completing the square rewrites ax² + bx + c in vertex form a(x − h)² + k, revealing the vertex directly.

  • 2

    Step 1: if a ≠ 1, factor it out from the x-terms. Step 2: take half of the b-coefficient, square it, add and subtract inside the expression.

  • 3

    The vertex is (h, k). This method also allows you to solve quadratics that do not factor neatly.

  • 4

    The SAT often gives a quadratic in standard form and asks for the vertex or minimum/maximum value — completing the square is the direct route.

  • 5

    After completing the square, the solutions are x = h ± √(−k/a) (if solving for roots).

Common mistakes
  • Forgetting to both add AND subtract the square inside the expression — you must keep the equation balanced.
  • Not dividing by a first when a ≠ 1 before completing the square, which distorts the result.
Try a sample question

SAT-style practice

Which of the following is equivalent to x² − 6x + 5?

28+ questions ready to practice

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