MathNonlinear FunctionsHigh frequency
SAT Math: Determine if a parabola opens up or down and find the vertex
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What you need to know
The concept, explained
- 1
For f(x) = ax² + bx + c, if a > 0 the parabola opens upward (vertex is a minimum); if a < 0 it opens downward (vertex is a maximum).
- 2
The x-coordinate of the vertex is x = −b / (2a). Plug that value back into f to get the y-coordinate.
- 3
In vertex form f(x) = a(x − h)² + k, the vertex is (h, k) directly — no computation needed.
- 4
A larger |a| makes the parabola narrower; a smaller |a| makes it wider.
Common mistakes
- ✗ Forgetting the negative sign in x = −b / (2a) and getting the wrong vertex location.
- ✗ Reading the vertex from f(x) = a(x − h)² + k as (−h, k) — h is the x-value, not −h.
Try a sample question
SAT-style practice
For the function f(x) = −2x² + 8x − 3, which statement is true?
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